1) stristr() IT find the first occurrence of "top" inside "who is on top", and return the rest of the string: <?php echo stristr("who is on top","top"); ?> returnns top 2) array_walk_recursive() The work of array_walk_recursive() function runs each array element in a user-defined function. The array's keys and values are parameters in the function. <?php $vehical = array('c' => 'car', 'b' => 'bike'); $second = array('vehical' => $vehical, 'big' => 'Truck'); function print_vehical($key, $value) { echo "$value runs on $key\n"; } array_walk_recursive($second, 'print_vehical'); ?>